I have developed a forensic framework called DIRAC v1.0 (Deterministic Integrity & Risk Assessment Core) to quantify this systemic disorder based on the Shannon’s entropy model.

It provides a mathematical framework to build deterministic risk assessment and has two novel units Dirac Risk Unit (DRU) & Dirac Density Threshold (DDT).

As part of my research, I have audited 2000 open source repositories with total of 10,005 commits which reveals that

1 - Every commit carries a baseline cost of $112.50 due to context switching and reviews by the senior engineers. 
2 - Every state transition adds a marginal cost of $8.52 in remediation and technical debts
3 - In mid to large organizations, the Capacity Loss Ratio is about 24.16%

It means that with an average compensation of $150K, for a team of 50 engineers, this represents $1.8M annual capacity leak and your effective output is only of 38 engineers!

Technical Paper: https://qubitai.in/qpapers-published/dirac_technical_paper.html

White Paper: https://qubitai.in/qpapers-published/dirac_white_paper.html